System, method and computer program product for managing access to systems, products, and data based on information associated with a physical location of a user

ABSTRACT

In accordance with embodiments, there are provided mechanisms and methods for managing access to data based on information associated with a physical location of a user. These mechanisms and methods for managing access to systems, products, or data based on information associated with a physical location of a user can enable improved data management efficiency, enhanced data management accuracy, decreased data management costs, decreased licensing costs, increased security, additional marketing opportunities, etc.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/807,954, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LOCATION ANDPROXIMITY BASED LICENSING,” by Daniel Thomas Harrison, filed Apr. 3,2013 (Attorney Docket No. 1163PROV), the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

One or more implementations relate generally to managing data access,and more particularly to managing data access based on identifiedinformation.

BACKGROUND

The subject matter discussed in the background section should not beassumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in thebackground section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the backgroundsection or associated with the subject matter of the background sectionshould not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the priorart. The subject matter in the background section merely representsdifferent approaches, which in and of themselves may also be inventions.

Licensing is a common form of controlling access to data. For example,product developers may utilize a license to control the usage of theirproduct or access to information. Unfortunately, techniques forimplementing effective licenses have been associated with variouslimitations. Just by way of example, current licenses do not take intoconsideration a multitude of environmental factors that may have animpact on the licenses. Accordingly, it is desirable to providetechniques for managing access to data based on information associatedwith a physical location of a user.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In accordance with embodiments, there are provided mechanisms andmethods for managing access to data based on information associated witha physical location of a user. These mechanisms and methods for managingaccess to systems, products, and data based on information associatedwith a physical location of a user can enable improved data managementefficiency, enhanced data management accuracy, decreased data managementcosts, decreased licensing costs, increased security, additionalmarketing opportunities, etc.

In an embodiment and by way of example, a method for managing access tosystems, products, and data based on information associated with aphysical location of a user is provided. In one embodiment, informationassociated with a physical location of a user is identified.Additionally, access to one or more of systems, products, and data ismanaged, based on the identified information.

While one or more implementations and techniques are described withreference to an embodiment in which managing access to systems,products, and data based on information associated with a physicallocation of a user is implemented in a system having an applicationserver providing a front end for an on-demand database system capable ofsupporting multiple tenants, the one or more implementations andtechniques are not limited to multi-tenant databases nor deployment onapplication servers. Embodiments may be practiced using other databasearchitectures, i.e., ORACLE®, DB2® by IBM and the like without departingfrom the scope of the embodiments claimed.

Any of the above embodiments may be used alone or together with oneanother in any combination. The one or more implementations encompassedwithin this specification may also include embodiments that are onlypartially mentioned or alluded to or are not mentioned or alluded to atall in this brief summary or in the abstract. Although variousembodiments may have been motivated by various deficiencies with theprior art, which may be discussed or alluded to in one or more places inthe specification, the embodiments do not necessarily address any ofthese deficiencies. In other words, different embodiments may addressdifferent deficiencies that may be discussed in the specification. Someembodiments may only partially address some deficiencies or just onedeficiency that may be discussed in the specification, and someembodiments may not address any of these deficiencies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following drawings like reference numbers are used to refer tolike elements. Although the following figures depict various examples,the one or more implementations are not limited to the examples depictedin the figures.

FIG. 1 illustrates a method for managing access to systems, products,and data based on information associated with a physical location of auser, in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a method for implementing location-based licensing,in accordance with another embodiment;

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example of an environmentwherein an on-demand database system might be used; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of elements of FIG.3 and various possible interconnections between these elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION General Overview

Systems and methods are provided for managing access to data based oninformation associated with a physical location of a user.

As used herein, the term multi-tenant database system refers to thosesystems in which various elements of hardware and software of thedatabase system may be shared by one or more customers. For example, agiven application server may simultaneously process requests for a greatnumber of customers, and a given database table may store rows for apotentially much greater number of customers.

Next, mechanisms and methods for managing access to data based oninformation associated with a physical location of a user will bedescribed with reference to example embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates a method 100 for managing access to systems,products, and data based on information associated with a physicallocation of a user, in accordance with one embodiment. As shown inoperation 102, information associated with a physical location of a useris identified. In one embodiment, the information may include currentlocation information indicating the current physical location of theuser. For example, the information may include location informationindicating an exact physical location of the user, an approximatephysical location of the user (e.g., a physical location accurate towithin a predetermined threshold), etc.

Additionally, in one embodiment, the information may include coordinateinformation. For example, the information may include one or moregeographical coordinates indicating the physical location of the user.In another embodiment, the information may be associated with a time.For example, the information may be associated with a time stamp thatindicates a current time when the physical location of the user wasdetermined.

Further, in one embodiment, the information may include an indication asto whether the user is within a predetermined range of a predeterminedlocation. For example, the information may include an indication as towhether the user is within a predetermined distance from thepredetermined location. In another embodiment, the information mayinclude an indication as to whether the user is inside or within apredetermined distance from a predetermined building, vehicle, landmark,other user (e.g., a supervising manager), etc.

Further still, in one embodiment, the information associated with thephysical location of the user may be identified utilizing one or moreprotocols. For example, the information may be identified utilizing aglobal positioning system (GPS) module and a GPS protocol. In anotherexample, the information may be identified utilizing a Bluetooth (orlow-energy Bluetooth) module and a Bluetooth (or low-energy Bluetooth)protocol. In yet another example, the information may be identifiedutilizing a radio frequency identification (RFID) module and an RFIDprotocol. In still another example, the information may be identifiedutilizing a nearfield communication module and a nearfield communicationprotocol. Of course, however, the information may be identifiedutilizing any module or modules and any protocol or protocols.

Also, in one embodiment, the information associated with the physicallocation of the user may be identified utilizing one or more devices.For example, the information may be identified utilizing a locationaware device such as a smart phone, tablet, desktop, or other portableor non-portable computing device. In another embodiment, the informationassociated with the physical location of the user may be identified whenit is received from another device. For example, a first device maycalculate the physical location of the user and may send such calculatedlocation to a second device. In yet another device, the physicallocation of the user may be identified by a multi-tenant, on-demanddatabase system.

Additionally, it should be noted that, as described above, suchmulti-tenant on-demand database system may include any service thatrelies on a database system that is accessible over a network, in whichvarious elements of hardware and software of the database system may beshared by one or more customers (e.g. tenants). For instance, a givenapplication server may simultaneously process requests for a greatnumber of customers, and a given database table may store rows for apotentially much greater number of customers. Various examples of such amulti-tenant on-demand database system will be set forth in the contextof different embodiments that will be described during reference tosubsequent figures.

Further still, as shown in operation 104, access to one or more ofsystems, products, and data is managed, based on the identifiedinformation. In one embodiment, the data may include data stored withina system. For example, the data may include data stored within amulti-tenant, on-demand database system. In another embodiment, the datamay include one or more applications or services. In yet anotherembodiment, the data may include confidential data, text data, imagedata, audio data, video data, etc. In another embodiment, the one ormore systems may include one or more database systems, service providersystems, information systems, or any other systems able to be accessedby one or more users. In yet another embodiment, the one or moreproducts may include one or more applications, one or more devices, oneor more services, etc.

In yet another embodiment, managing access to data may includeconditionally enabling one or more portions of a license that controlsthe access to the data. For example, the license may include anagreement (e.g. a legal instrument, etc.) that regulates the use ordistribution of the data, and one or more portions of the license may beactivated, based on the information. In still another embodiment, thelicense may be provided by the system that stores the data (e.g., themulti-tenant, on-demand database system, etc.). Further still, themanaged access may control which user can utilize specific businessfunctions or processing logic based on that users location.

Also, in one embodiment, managing the access to data may includedetermining whether one or more licenses are currently available to theuser, based on the identified information. For example, the informationassociated with the physical location of the user at a current timeperiod may be compared against one or more predetermined criteria todetermine whether one or more licenses are available to the user at thecurrent time period. In another example, one or more licenses may beassociated with a predetermined location, and such licenses may beretrieved when it is determined that the user is currently at (or withina predetermined distance from) the predetermined location.

For example, if the information associated with the physical location ofthe user indicates that the user is currently located at a firstlocation, a first license allowing access to a first set of data may beretrieved and provided to the user. In another example, if theinformation associated with the physical location of the user indicatesthat the user is currently located at a second location different fromthe first location, a second license different from the first licensemay be provided to the user, where the second license allows access to asecond set of data different from the first set of data.

In addition, in one embodiment, additional information may be analyzedin conjunction with the identified information in order to determinewhether one or more licenses are available to the user. For example, oneor more of a user identifier (ID), a password, a security key, and otherinformation may be provided by the user and may be analyzed in additionto the information associated with the physical location of the user inorder to determine whether one or more licenses are currently availableto the user.

Further, managing the access to data may include allowing access to oneor more portions of data according to one or more licenses if it isdetermined that the physical location of the user matches (or is withina predetermined distance from) one or more predetermined locations. Forexample, a license allowing the access of one or more databases, tables,objects, processing capability, computing resources, etc. may beactivated when it is determined that the user is physically locatedwithin a predetermined area.

Further still, in one embodiment, managing the access to data mayinclude disallowing access to one or more portions of the data if it isdetermined that the physical location of the user does not match (or isnot within a predetermined distance from) one or more predeterminedlocations. For example, the license allowing the access of one or moredatabases, tables, objects, etc. may be deactivated when it isdetermined that the user is not physically located within apredetermined area.

Also, in one embodiment, managing access to the data may includeconditionally providing the user with login information necessary toaccess predetermined data, based on the information associated with thephysical location of the user. For example, if it is determined that theuser is physically located within a predetermined area associated with alicense, system login information (e.g., one or more of a user name,name, password, key, etc.) associated with that license may be providedto the user for logging in to a system to access predetermined data inaccordance with the license. In another example, if it is determinedthat the user is not physically located within a predetermined area,system login information associated with the license may be withheldfrom the user.

FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for implementing location-basedlicensing, in accordance with another embodiment. As an option, themethod 200 may be carried out in the context of the functionality ofFIG. 1. Of course, however, the method 200 may be carried out in anydesired environment. The aforementioned definitions may apply during thepresent description.

As shown in operation 202, a location of a user is identified. In oneembodiment, the location of a user may include a physical location ofthe user. In another embodiment, the location of the user may beidentified for a particular time period (e.g., a current time period,etc.). In yet another embodiment, the location of the user may bedetermined by a device associated with the user. For example, thelocation of the user may be determined by a portable device carried byor located on the user (e.g., a portable computing device such as acellular telephone, a communication device such as an RFID tag, etc.).

Additionally, in one embodiment, the location of the user may beidentified using a near field communication (NFC) device, a GPS device,etc. In another embodiment, additional information associated with theuser may be identified. For example, an identifier of the user (e.g.,one or more of a user name, password, fingerprint, retina scan, facialimage, etc.) may be obtained in addition to the location of the user. Inanother example, a time associated with the location identification(e.g., a time at which the location of the user was identified) may alsobe determined.

Further, as shown in operation 204, an availability of one or morelicenses is determined, based at least in part on the identifiedlocation of the user. In one embodiment, the availability may bedetermined at a server. For example, determining the availability of oneor more licenses may include sending the identified location of the user(along with any additional information that was identified) to a serverof a system (e.g., a multi-tenant, on-demand database system, etc.). Inanother embodiment, determining the availability of one or more licensesmay include comparing the sent information to a license database (e.g.,a database containing a plurality of licenses controlling data accesswithin the system) at the server (e.g., utilizing one or moreapplications of the server, etc.) and determining whether the sentinformation matches any available licenses.

In another embodiment, determining the availability of one or morelicenses may include comparing the sent information to one or moreadditional criteria (e.g., one or more predetermined criteria such as anacceptable predetermined location, acceptable distance from apredetermined location, acceptable identification and passwordinformation, acceptable current time, etc.) to determine if the sentinformation meets the one or more criteria. In yet another embodiment,one or more licenses may be determined to be available if the sentinformation meets the one or more criteria. In another embodiment, nolicenses may be determined to be available if the sent information doesnot meet the one or more criteria.

Further still, in one embodiment, the availability may be determined ata client. For example, determining the availability of one or morelicenses may include comparing the identified location of the user(along with any additional information that was identified) to a licensedatabase (e.g., a database containing a plurality of licensescontrolling data access within the system) at the client (e.g., usingone or more applications of the client, etc.) and determining whetherthe identified information/location matches any available licenses. Inanother embodiment, if a match is determined at the client, anindication of such a match (which may include an indication of thematching licenses) may be sent to a server from the client.

Also, in one embodiment, if it is determined that multiple licenses areavailable to the user, the user may be presented with the multiplelicenses (e.g., using an interface, etc.) and may select one or more ofthe available licenses to be used to provide access to data. In anotherembodiment, all licenses determined to be available to the user may beused to provide the user with access to data.

In addition, as shown in operation 206, access to data is conditionallyprovided to the user, based on the determined availability. In oneembodiment, if it is determined that one or more licenses are available,data access may be provided to the user in accordance with the one ormore licenses. For example, an application of a user device may be ableto retrieve, send, and/or store data to/from one or more databases ofthe system, according to the one or more licenses. In another example,one or more applications of the system may be accessed by the user,according to the one or more licenses. In another embodiment, if it isdetermined that one or more licenses are not available, data access maynot be provided to the user.

Furthermore, in one embodiment, a charge associated with data licensingmay be reduced in response to implementing location-based licensing. Forexample, a data and/or service provider may charge a predeterminedamount for an unrestricted license to access a provided service and/ordata, and may charge a reduced amount (e.g., an amount less than thepredetermined amount, etc.) for a license to access a provided serviceand/or data where such access is restricted to a particular physicallocation of the user.

Further still, in one embodiment, a charge associated with a firstlicense may be applied to data access when a user is at a firstpredetermined location (or within a predetermined distance from thefirst predetermined location), and a second charge (e.g., larger thanthe first charge) may be applied to data access when the user is at asecond location other than the first predetermined location (or is notwithin a predetermined distance from the first predetermined location).

In another embodiment, a central cloud-based application may verify theavailability of one or more licenses based on the user and the locationof the user. In another embodiment, if a license is available, anapplication of the user may be allowed to connect to a server of thesystem, according to the license.

Also, in one embodiment, the access to data may include access tomedical data. For example, members of fitness or medical clinics maywant to track information related to their weight, blood pressure, etc.In another example, when a user attempts to access fitness or medicaldata from a mobile device, a location of the user may be submitted to aserver in addition to their identification and password information.This location information may be compared to one or more criteria todetermine whether a license to access fitness or medical data isavailable. For example, the criteria may indicate that the location ofthe user must be at a fitness or medical clinic at a time when thefitness or medical clinic is open (e.g., business operating hours) toobtain a license to access the fitness or medical data. In this way, thenumber of license-based connections may be restricted to those users whohave a business case for connecting. This may reduce concurrent usageand license costs.

Additionally, in one embodiment, a non-profit organization that usesvolunteers to accept donations at a drop-off location may use thetechnology disclosed to monitor donations that are made. This may ensurethat there are no faulty products or spoiled food, which may require afull audit trail including a photo and the receiver's signature. Thetechnology disclosed may use proximity devices to license variousdrop-off locations based on the proximity model and may allow thenon-profit organizations to provide volunteering based licensing.

Further, in one embodiment, the technology disclosed can use businessdrivers for licensing products based on location. For example, afranchise with multiple store managers and assistant managers may usethe technology disclosed to implement a licensing model that limitsaccess to store location for a single manager and five other employees.

Further still, in one embodiment, the technology disclosed can use nearfield communication to determine and provide the keys used during alogin process. In another embodiment, it GPS coordinates may be providedto verify a site location. In yet another embodiment, cellulartriangulation or Wi-Fi acquired signatures may be used to verify acurrent location of a user.

Also, in one embodiment, a user may request classified information,where access to such information is controlled by a license. Forexample, a current location of the user may be sent along with anidentification of the user and the request for the classifiedinformation. Such current location may be compared against criteriaindicating acceptable locations to view such classified information, andthe identification of the user may be compared against licenses issuedto that user to view classified information. In another example, if alicense exists that matches the current location of the user and theidentification of the user, the license may be activated and the usermay view all or some of the requested classified information accordingto that license. In yet another example, if no license exists thatmatches the current location of the user and the identification of theuser, the user may not view the requested classified information.

Additionally, in one embodiment, a user may visit a predeterminedlocation (e.g., a doctor's office, a dentist's office, etc.). Further,the user's location may be identified by a device of the user and may besent to a server. Further still, the user's location may be comparedagainst one or more criteria to determine whether one or more licensesare available to users at that location. For example, an entityassociated with the predetermined location may purchase a license toaccess content (e.g., magazine data, video data, etc.), where suchlicense may be available to all users located at the predeterminedlocation within a predetermined time period (e.g., within the businesshours of the office, etc.). Also, if it is determined that a license isavailable to users at the location, the license may be temporarilyassigned to the user (e.g., to the device of the user), such that theuser may access content in accordance with the license while the user isphysically located at the predetermined location. Additionally, in onembodiment, the user's access may be related to their relative locationto a secondary device or user. For example, access to personal recordsmay be prevented if the user is trying to connect to a device whiletheir location aware cell phone is not within the immediate vicinity ofa predetermined location, and employee's access to view confidentialinformation may be allowed while a manager's cell phone is within theimmediate vicinity of the employees.

System Overview

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an environment 310 wherein anon-demand database system might be used. Environment 310 may includeuser systems 312, network 314, system 316, processor system 317,application platform 318, network interface 320, tenant data storage322, system data storage 324, program code 326, and process space 328.In other embodiments, environment 310 may not have all of the componentslisted and/or may have other elements instead of, or in addition to,those listed above.

Environment 310 is an environment in which an on-demand database systemexists. User system 312 may be any machine or system that is used by auser to access a database user system. For example, any of user systems312 can be a handheld computing device, a mobile phone, a laptopcomputer, a work station, and/or a network of computing devices. Asillustrated in FIG. 3 (and in more detail in FIG. 4) user systems 312might interact via a network 314 with an on-demand database system,which is system 316.

An on-demand database system, such as system 316, is a database systemthat is made available to outside users that do not need to necessarilybe concerned with building and/or maintaining the database system, butinstead may be available for their use when the users need the databasesystem (e.g., on the demand of the users). Some on-demand databasesystems may store information from one or more tenants stored intotables of a common database image to form a multi-tenant database system(MTS). Accordingly, “on-demand database system 316” and “system 316”will be used interchangeably herein. A database image may include one ormore database objects. A relational database management system (RDMS) orthe equivalent may execute storage and retrieval of information againstthe database object(s). Application platform 318 may be a framework thatallows the applications of system 316 to run, such as the hardwareand/or software, e.g., the operating system. In an embodiment, on-demanddatabase system 316 may include an application platform 318 that enablescreation, managing and executing one or more applications developed bythe provider of the on-demand database system, users accessing theon-demand database system via user systems 312, or third partyapplication developers accessing the on-demand database system via usersystems 312.

The users of user systems 312 may differ in their respective capacities,and the capacity of a particular user system 312 might be entirelydetermined by permissions (permission levels) for the current user. Forexample, where a salesperson is using a particular user system 312 tointeract with system 316, that user system has the capacities allottedto that salesperson. However, while an administrator is using that usersystem to interact with system 316, that user system has the capacitiesallotted to that administrator. In systems with a hierarchical rolemodel, users at one permission level may have access to applications,data, and database information accessible by a lower permission leveluser, but may not have access to certain applications, databaseinformation, and data accessible by a user at a higher permission level.Thus, different users will have different capabilities with regard toaccessing and modifying application and database information, dependingon a user's security or permission level.

Network 314 is any network or combination of networks of devices thatcommunicate with one another. For example, network 314 can be any one orany combination of a LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network),telephone network, wireless network, point-to-point network, starnetwork, token ring network, hub network, or other appropriateconfiguration. As the most common type of computer network in currentuse is a TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol)network, such as the global internetwork of networks often referred toas the “Internet” with a capital “I,” that network will be used in manyof the examples herein. However, it should be understood that thenetworks that the one or more implementations might use are not solimited, although TCP/IP is a frequently implemented protocol.

User systems 312 might communicate with system 316 using TCP/IP and, ata higher network level, use other common Internet protocols tocommunicate, such as HTTP, FTP, AFS, WAP, etc. In an example where HTTPis used, user system 312 might include an HTTP client commonly referredto as a “browser” for sending and receiving HTTP messages to and from anHTTP server at system 316. Such an HTTP server might be implemented asthe sole network interface between system 316 and network 314, but othertechniques might be used as well or instead. In some implementations,the interface between system 316 and network 314 includes load sharingfunctionality, such as round-robin HTTP request distributors to balanceloads and distribute incoming HTTP requests evenly over a plurality ofservers. At least as for the users that are accessing that server, eachof the plurality of servers has access to the MTS' data; however, otheralternative configurations may be used instead.

In one embodiment, system 316, shown in FIG. 3, implements a web-basedcustomer relationship management (CRM) system. For example, in oneembodiment, system 316 includes application servers configured toimplement and execute CRM software applications as well as providerelated data, code, forms, webpages and other information to and fromuser systems 312 and to store to, and retrieve from, a database systemrelated data, objects, and Webpage content. With a multi-tenant system,data for multiple tenants may be stored in the same physical databaseobject, however, tenant data typically is arranged so that data of onetenant is kept logically separate from that of other tenants so that onetenant does not have access to another tenant's data, unless such datais expressly shared. In certain embodiments, system 316 implementsapplications other than, or in addition to, a CRM application. Forexample, system 316 may provide tenant access to multiple hosted(standard and custom) applications, including a CRM application. User(or third party developer) applications, which may or may not includeCRM, may be supported by the application platform 318, which managescreation, storage of the applications into one or more database objectsand executing of the applications in a virtual machine in the processspace of the system 316.

One arrangement for elements of system 316 is shown in FIG. 3, includinga network interface 320, application platform 318, tenant data storage322 for tenant data 323, system data storage 324 for system data 325accessible to system 316 and possibly multiple tenants, program code 326for implementing various functions of system 316, and a process space328 for executing MTS system processes and tenant-specific processes,such as running applications as part of an application hosting service.Additional processes that may execute on system 316 include databaseindexing processes.

Several elements in the system shown in FIG. 3 include conventional,well-known elements that are explained only briefly here. For example,each user system 312 could include a desktop personal computer,workstation, laptop, PDA, cell phone, or any wireless access protocol(WAP) enabled device or any other computing device capable ofinterfacing directly or indirectly to the Internet or other networkconnection. User system 312 typically runs an HTTP client, e.g., abrowsing program, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser,Netscape's Navigator browser, Opera's browser, or a WAP-enabled browserin the case of a cell phone, PDA or other wireless device, or the like,allowing a user (e.g., subscriber of the multi-tenant database system)of user system 312 to access, process and view information, pages andapplications available to it from system 316 over network 314. Each usersystem 312 also typically includes one or more user interface devices,such as a keyboard, a mouse, trackball, touch pad, touch screen, pen orthe like, for interacting with a graphical user interface (GUI) providedby the browser on a display (e.g., a monitor screen, LCD display, etc.)in conjunction with pages, forms, applications and other informationprovided by system 316 or other systems or servers. For example, theuser interface device can be used to access data and applications hostedby system 316, and to perform searches on stored data, and otherwiseallow a user to interact with various GUI pages that may be presented toa user. As discussed above, embodiments are suitable for use with theInternet, which refers to a specific global internetwork of networks.However, it should be understood that other networks can be used insteadof the Internet, such as an intranet, an extranet, a virtual privatenetwork (VPN), a non-TCP/IP based network, any LAN or WAN or the like.

According to one embodiment, each user system 312 and all of itscomponents are operator configurable using applications, such as abrowser, including computer code run using a central processing unitsuch as an Intel Pentium® processor or the like. Similarly, system 316(and additional instances of an MTS, where more than one is present) andall of their components might be operator configurable usingapplication(s) including computer code to run using a central processingunit such as processor system 317, which may include an Intel Pentium®processor or the like, and/or multiple processor units. A computerprogram product embodiment includes a machine-readable storage medium(media) having instructions stored thereon/in which can be used toprogram a computer to perform any of the processes of the embodimentsdescribed herein. Computer code for operating and configuring system 316to intercommunicate and to process webpages, applications and other dataand media content as described herein are preferably downloaded andstored on a hard disk, but the entire program code, or portions thereof,may also be stored in any other volatile or non-volatile memory mediumor device as is well known, such as a ROM or RAM, or provided on anymedia capable of storing program code, such as any type of rotatingmedia including floppy disks, optical discs, digital versatile disk(DVD), compact disk (CD), microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, andmagnetic or optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs),or any type of media or device suitable for storing instructions and/ordata. Additionally, the entire program code, or portions thereof, may betransmitted and downloaded from a software source over a transmissionmedium, e.g., over the Internet, or from another server, as is wellknown, or transmitted over any other conventional network connection asis well known (e.g., extranet, VPN, LAN, etc.) using any communicationmedium and protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, Ethernet, etc.) as arewell known. It will also be appreciated that computer code forimplementing embodiments can be implemented in any programming languagethat can be executed on a client system and/or server or server systemsuch as, for example, C, C++, HTML, any other markup language, Java™,JavaScript, ActiveX, any other scripting language, such as VBScript, andmany other programming languages as are well known may be used. (Java™is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.).

According to one embodiment, each system 316 is configured to providewebpages, forms, applications, data and media content to user (client)systems 312 to support the access by user systems 312 as tenants ofsystem 316. As such, system 316 provides security mechanisms to keepeach tenant's data separate unless the data is shared. If more than oneMTS is used, they may be located in close proximity to one another(e.g., in a server farm located in a single building or campus), or theymay be distributed at locations remote from one another (e.g., one ormore servers located in city A and one or more servers located in cityB). As used herein, each MTS could include one or more logically and/orphysically connected servers distributed locally or across one or moregeographic locations. Additionally, the term “server” is meant toinclude a computer system, including processing hardware and processspace(s), and an associated storage system and database application(e.g., OODBMS or RDBMS) as is well known in the art. It should also beunderstood that “server systenm” and “server” are often usedinterchangeably herein. Similarly, the database object described hereincan be implemented as single databases, a distributed database, acollection of distributed databases, a database with redundant online oroffline backups or other redundancies, etc., and might include adistributed database or storage network and associated processingintelligence.

FIG. 4 also illustrates environment 310. However, in FIG. 4 elements ofsystem 316 and various interconnections in an embodiment are furtherillustrated. FIG. 4 shows that user system 312 may include processorsystem 312A, memory system 312B, input system 312C, and output system312D. FIG. 4 shows network 314 and system 316. FIG. 4 also shows thatsystem 316 may include tenant data storage 322, tenant data 323, systemdata storage 324, system data 325, User Interface (UI) 430, ApplicationProgram Interface (API) 432, PIJSOQL 434, save routines 436, applicationsetup mechanism 438, applications servers 400 ₁-400 _(N), system processspace 402, tenant process spaces 404, tenant management process space410, tenant storage area 412, user storage 414, and application metadata416. In other embodiments, environment 310 may not have the sameelements as those listed above and/or may have other elements insteadof, or in addition to, those listed above.

User system 312, network 314, system 316, tenant data storage 322, andsystem data storage 324 were discussed above in FIG. 3. Regarding usersystem 312, processor system 312A may be any combination of one or moreprocessors. Memory system 312B may be any combination of one or morememory devices, short term, and/or long term memory. Input system 312Cmay be any combination of input devices, such as one or more keyboards,mice, trackballs, scanners, cameras, and/or interfaces to networks.Output system 312D may be any combination of output devices, such as oneor more monitors, printers, and/or interfaces to networks. As shown byFIG. 4, system 316 may include a network interface 320 (of FIG. 3)implemented as a set of HTTP application servers 400, an applicationplatform 318, tenant data storage 322, and system data storage 324. Alsoshown is system process space 402, including individual tenant processspaces 404 and a tenant management process space 410. Each applicationserver 400 may be configured to tenant data storage 322 and the tenantdata 323 therein, and system data storage 324 and the system data 325therein to serve requests of user systems 312. The tenant data 323 mightbe divided into individual tenant storage areas 412, which can be eithera physical arrangement and/or a logical arrangement of data. Within eachtenant storage area 412, user storage 414 and application metadata 416might be similarly allocated for each user. For example, a copy of auser's most recently used (MRU) items might be stored to user storage414. Similarly, a copy of MRU items for an entire organization that is atenant might be stored to tenant storage area 412. A UI 430 provides auser interface and an API 432 provides an application programmerinterface to system 316 resident processes to users and/or developers atuser systems 312. The tenant data and the system data may be stored invarious databases, such as one or more Oracle™ databases.

Application platform 318 includes an application setup mechanism 438that supports application developers' creation and management ofapplications, which may be saved as metadata into tenant data storage322 by save routines 436 for execution by subscribers as one or moretenant process spaces 404 managed by tenant management process 410 forexample. Invocations to such applications may be coded using PL/SOQL 434that provides a programming language style interface extension to API432. A detailed description of some PL/SOQL language embodiments isdiscussed in commonly owned co-pending U.S. Provisional PatentApplication 60/828,192 entitled, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE METHOD AND SYSTEMFOR EXTENDING APIS TO EXECUTE IN CONJUNCTION WITH DATABASE APIS, byCraig Weissman, filed Oct. 4, 2006, which is incorporated in itsentirety herein for all purposes. Invocations to applications may bedetected by one or more system processes, which manages retrievingapplication metadata 416 for the subscriber making the invocation andexecuting the metadata as an application in a virtual machine.

Each application server 400 may be communicably coupled to databasesystems, e.g., having access to system data 325 and tenant data 323, viaa different network connection. For example, one application server 400₁ might be coupled via the network 314 (e.g., the Internet), anotherapplication server 400 _(N-1) might be coupled via a direct networklink, and another application server 400 _(N) might be coupled by yet adifferent network connection. Transfer Control Protocol and InternetProtocol (TCP/IP) are typical protocols for communicating betweenapplication servers 400 and the database system. However, it will beapparent to one skilled in the art that other transport protocols may beused to optimize the system depending on the network interconnect used.

In certain embodiments, each application server 400 is configured tohandle requests for any user associated with any organization that is atenant. Because it is desirable to be able to add and remove applicationservers from the server pool at any time for any reason, there ispreferably no server affinity for a user and/or organization to aspecific application server 400. In one embodiment, therefore, aninterface system implementing a load balancing function (e.g., an F5Big-IP load balancer) is communicably coupled between the applicationservers 400 and the user systems 312 to distribute requests to theapplication servers 400. In one embodiment, the load balancer uses aleast connections algorithm to route user requests to the applicationservers 400. Other examples of load balancing algorithms, such as roundrobin and observed response time, also can be used. For example, incertain embodiments, three consecutive requests from the same user couldhit three different application servers 400, and three requests fromdifferent users could hit the same application server 400. In thismanner, system 316 is multi-tenant, wherein system 316 handles storageof, and access to, different objects, data and applications acrossdisparate users and organizations.

As an example of storage, one tenant might be a company that employs asales force where each salesperson uses system 316 to manage their salesprocess. Thus, a user might maintain contact data, leads data, customerfollow-up data, performance data, goals and progress data, etc., allapplicable to that user's personal sales process (e.g., in tenant datastorage 322). In an example of a MTS arrangement, since all of the dataand the applications to access, view, modify, report, transmit,calculate, etc., can be maintained and accessed by a user system havingnothing more than network access, the user can manage his or her salesefforts and cycles from any of many different user systems. For example,if a salesperson is visiting a customer and the customer has Internetaccess in their lobby, the salesperson can obtain critical updates as tothat customer while waiting for the customer to arrive in the lobby.

While each user's data might be separate from other users' dataregardless of the employers of each user, some data might beorganization-wide data shared or accessible by a plurality of users orall of the users for a given organization that is a tenant. Thus, theremight be some data structures managed by system 316 that are allocatedat the tenant level while other data structures might be managed at theuser level. Because an MTS might support multiple tenants includingpossible competitors, the MTS should have security protocols that keepdata, applications, and application use separate. Also, because manytenants may opt for access to an MTS rather than maintain their ownsystem, redundancy, up-time, and backup are additional functions thatmay be implemented in the MTS. In addition to user-specific data andtenant specific data, system 316 might also maintain system level datausable by multiple tenants or other data. Such system level data mightinclude industry reports, news, postings, and the like that are sharableamong tenants.

In certain embodiments, user systems 312 (which may be client systems)communicate with application servers 400 to request and updatesystem-level and tenant-level data from system 316 that may requiresending one or more queries to tenant data storage 322 and/or systemdata storage 324. System 316 (e.g., an application server 400 in system316) automatically generates one or more SQL statements (e.g., one ormore SQL queries) that are designed to access the desired information.System data storage 324 may generate query plans to access the requesteddata from the database.

Each database can generally be viewed as a collection of objects, suchas a set of logical tables, containing data fitted into predefinedcategories. A “table” is one representation of a data object, and may beused herein to simplify the conceptual description of objects and customobjects. It should be understood that “table” and “object” may be usedinterchangeably herein. Each table generally contains one or more datacategories logically arranged as columns or fields in a viewable schema.Each row or record of a table contains an instance of data for eachcategory defined by the fields. For example, a CRM database may includea table that describes a customer with fields for basic contactinformation such as name, address, phone number, fax number, etc.Another table might describe a purchase order, including fields forinformation such as customer, product, sale price, date, etc. In somemulti-tenant database systems, standard entity tables might be providedfor use by all tenants. For CRM database applications, such standardentities might include tables for Account, Contact, Lead, andOpportunity data, each containing pre-defined fields. It should beunderstood that the word “entity” may also be used interchangeablyherein with “object” and “table”.

In some multi-tenant database systems, tenants may be allowed to createand store custom objects, or they may be allowed to customize standardentities or objects, for example by creating custom fields for standardobjects, including custom index fields. U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/817,161, filed Apr. 2, 2004, entitled “Custom Entities and Fields ina Multi-Tenant Database System”, and which is hereby incorporated hereinby reference, teaches systems and methods for creating custom objects aswell as customizing standard objects in a multi-tenant database system.In certain embodiments, for example, all custom entity data rows arestored in a single multi-tenant physical table, which may containmultiple logical tables per organization. It is transparent to customersthat their multiple “tables” are in fact stored in one large table orthat their data may be stored in the same table as the data of othercustomers.

While one or more implementations have been described by way of exampleand in terms of the specific embodiments, it is to be understood thatone or more implementations are not limited to the disclosedembodiments. To the contrary, it is intended to cover variousmodifications and similar arrangements as would be apparent to thoseskilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of the appended claims shouldbe accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all suchmodifications and similar arrangements.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium havingcomputer instructions stored thereon that are capable of causingoperations comprising: receiving, by a system, an indication that a useris within a predetermined distance from a particular location;identifying, by the system, a set of permissions corresponding to theparticular location, wherein the set of permissions controls access toparticular data stored by the system; and based on the set ofpermissions, enabling the user to access the particular data while theuser is within the predetermined distance from the particular location.22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein theparticular location is a location of a particular user that correspondsto the set of permissions.
 23. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 22, wherein the particular user is a supervising managerof an organization that includes the user.
 24. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the particular location isa predetermined building.
 25. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 21, wherein the particular location is a predeterminedvehicle.
 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21,wherein the particular location is a predetermined landmark.
 27. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the set ofpermissions corresponds to a plurality of locations including theparticular location.
 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 21, wherein the operations further comprise receiving, from theuser, system login information, and wherein conditionally enabling theuser to access the particular data is performed in response todetermining that the system login information corresponds to the set ofpermissions.
 29. A method, comprising: receiving, by a system, anindication that a user is within a predetermined distance from aparticular location; identifying, by the system, a set of permissionscorresponding to the particular location, wherein the set of permissionscontrols access to particular data stored by the system; and based onthe set of permissions, enabling the user to access the particular datawhile the user is within the predetermined distance from the particularlocation.
 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising, subsequent toconditionally enabling the user to access the particular data:determining, by the system, that the user is not within thepredetermined distance from the particular location; and in response todetermining that the user is not within the predetermined distance,disabling the user from accessing the particular data.
 31. The method ofclaim 29, wherein the set of permissions is identified based on anidentifier of the user.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein theindication that the user is within the predetermined distance isreceived in a transmission that includes the identifier of the user. 33.The method of claim 29, wherein the set of permissions indicates thataccess to the particular data should be denied during particular times.34. The method of claim 33, wherein the indication that the user iswithin the predetermined distance is received in a transmission thatincludes a time at which the user is within the predetermined distancefrom the particular location.
 35. An apparatus, comprising: a processor;and a memory that includes one or more stored sequences of instructionswhich, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to carry outthe steps of: receiving an indication that a user is within apredetermined distance from a particular location; identifying a licensecorresponding to the particular location, wherein the license controlsaccess to particular data; and based on the license, enabling the userto access the particular data while the user is within the predetermineddistance from the particular location.
 36. The apparatus of claim 35,wherein the license indicates that only a particular number of users mayaccess the particular data at a single time.
 37. The apparatus of claim35, wherein the one or more stored sequences of instructions, whenexecuted by the processor, further cause the processor to carry out thestep of receiving an identifier of the user, wherein the license isidentified based on the identifier of the user.
 38. The apparatus ofclaim 37, wherein the one or more stored sequences of instructions, whenexecuted by the processor, further cause the processor to carry out thesteps of: determining, based on the identifier of the user, that theuser is not authorized to access other data, wherein the licensecontrols access to the other data; and denying the user access to theother data.
 39. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein identifying thelicense comprises selecting, based on the identifier of the user, thelicense from a plurality of licenses corresponding to the particularlocation.
 40. The apparatus of claim 35, further comprising amulti-tenant, on-demand database system that includes the processor andthe memory.